OOPS Concepts

There are two types of programming languages through which we develop our applications. These two languages are based on two different concepts, they are: 

1. Procedure Oriented Concepts
2. Object Oriented Concepts

Procedure Oriented Concepts:

           The applications that are developed using procedure oriented concepts are based on procedures or functions. The language that follows procedure oriented concepts is called Procedure Oriented Language. These languages are also called as Structured Programming Language.

Eg: C, PASCAL, COBAL, FORTRAN etc..,

Drawbacks of Procedure Oriented Concepts: 

• The applications that are developed using procedure oriented concepts are difficult to maintain and difficult to debug.
• The data in the applications that are developed using procedure oriented concepts is not secured.
• The data in the procedure oriented language can be accessed by the entire program/application, this mechanism is not suitable for developing distributed applications.

Object Oriented Concepts:

        The applications that are developed using object oriented concepts give lot of importance to the security. They provide protection to the data from unauthorized access. The language that follows Object Oriented Concepts is called as Object Oriented Programming Language.

Eg: C++, JAVA, .NET, LISP, SmallTalk etc...,

       The object oriented concepts are derived from the real world, so that the programming becomes simple. The programmer can understand the concepts easily and implement them without facing any difficulty. Using the object oriented concepts we can develop realtime application which are large and complex. Object oriented concepts have very strong fundamental entities called as CLASS and OBJECT.

There are 4 Object Oriented Concepts. They are:

1. Encapsulation
2. Abstraction
3. Inheritance
4. Polymorphism

Encapsulation: 

(Dictionary Meaning: to express the most important parts of something in a few words, a small space or a single object)

            The process of binding up of the data(variables & methods) into a single entity is called Encapsulation. We can achieve encapsulation by using a CLASS. 

            Using Encapsulation we can isolate or separate the members from one class to another class, we can even store the same members multiple times in different classes. Encapsulation improves the maintenance of the application. 

Abstraction: 

       The process of hiding the unnecessary information and presenting the required information. We can achieve abstraction by using access specifiers. Using Abstraction we can achieve security.

Inheritance: 

          The process of acquiring the members of one class to another class is called as Inheritance. The class that provides the members is called as Super Class/Parent Class/Base Class. The class that takes the members is called as Child Class/Sub Class/Derived Class. 

          The child will contain its own members and its parent class members. using Inheritance we achieve re-usability.

Polymorphism:

           It is a process where a single entity shows multiple behaviors where every behaviour will perform its own operation according to the requirement. 

           Using polymorphism we achieve flexibility where the user can do different operations with a single entity as per the application requirement.